Preparation of high-quality ultrathin transmission electron microscopy specimens of a nanocrystalline metallic powder

This article explores the achievable transmission electron microscopy specimen thickness and quality by using three different preparation methods in the case of a high-strength nanocrystalline Cu-Nb powder alloy. Low specimen thickness is essential for spatially resolved analyses of the grains in nanocrystalline materials. We have found that single-sided as well as double-sided low-angle Ar ion milling of the Cu-Nb powders embedded into epoxy resin produced wedge-shaped particles of very low thickness (<10 nm) near the edge. By means of a modified focused ion beam lift-out technique generating holes in the lamella interior large micrometer-sized electron-transparent regions were obtained. However, this lamella displayed a higher thickness at the rim of ≥30 nm. Limiting factors for the observed thicknesses are discussed including ion damage depths, backscattering, and surface roughness, which depend on ion type, energy, current density, and specimen motion. Finally, sections cut by ultramicrotomy at low stroke rate and low set thickness offered vast, several tens of square micrometers uniformly thin regions of ～10-nm minimum thickness. As major drawbacks, we have detected a thin coating on the sections consisting of epoxy deployed as the embedding material and considerable nanoscale thickness variations.     

Experimental study on the package of high-g accelerometer

In this paper, the effect of the package die adhesive and package shell on the performances of silicon based MEMS high-g accelerometers was reported. Using Raman spectroscopy, the residual stress caused by different package die adhesive thickness and different package shell material was characterized. It can be concluded from the testing results that: with thicker die adhesive, the residual stress increment was much smaller; the piezoresistance variation caused by this residual stress was much smaller; and the temperature shift of the output voltage was much smaller. Comparing with the ceramic package, the stainless steel package has bigger sensitivity and bigger anti-overload ability.     

Trunk kinematics of one-handed lifting,and the effects of asymmetry and load weight

Abstract

This study investigated trunk kinematic differences between lifts performed using either one hand (unsupported) or two hands. These effects were studied while beginning the lifts from different asymmetric starting positions and while lifting different load weights. Each subject lifted a box from a lower to an upper platform under one- and two-handed lifting conditions. Subjects wore a lumbar spine electrogoniometer, from which relative motion components were calculated in the trunk's three cardinal planes. Results of this study showed that one-handed lifting resulted in significantly higher ranges of motion in the lateral and transverse planes and greater flexion in the sagittal plane. Back motion characteristics previously found to be associated with low back disorders were all significantly higher for one-handed lifts. The two-handed lift technique, on the other hand, produced overall faster trunk motions in the sagittal plane and equal or larger acceleration and deceleration magnitudes in all planes of motion. Increases in load asymmetry affected trunk kinematics, in that magnitude values for range of motion, velocity and acceleration became much greater with increasingly asymmetric load positions. Increasing the load weight appeared to have less of an effect on trunk kinematics, with increases in position mostly occurring during sagittal and lateral bending. These results suggest that unsupported one-handed lifting loads the spine more than two-handed lifts, due to the added coupling. Applying these results to a previously developed model, one-handed lifting was also found to increase one's risk of suffering a low back disorder.     

HA-ZrO2生物复合材料的制备

首先以H3PO4和Ca(OH)2为主要原料利用湿化学方法合成了结晶良好的羟基磷灰石粉体(HA),在该粉体中分别引入15%、20%和25wt%的m-ZrO2粉体,经成型后分别在900℃、1 000℃、1 100℃和1 200℃温度下煅烧1h,详细研究ZrO2含量和烧结温度对该复合材料物相及体积密度的影响规律.结果表明:随着烧成温度的升高,该复合材料的体积密度呈上升趋势,当温度为1 000℃时达到最大值,当温度进一步升高时,体积密度下降.而复合材料中的HA相随温度的升高而不断降低,当温度超过1 000℃时该趋势更加明显.随ZrO2的引入材料体积密度有一定提高,但当ZrO2含量超过20%时,其体积密度有所降低,当ZrO2含量为20%时,杂质含量最低.     

慢化体材料对加速器BNCT束流装置中子品质影响研究

基于加速器中子源的硼中子俘获治疗（BNCT）是一种较好的肿瘤治疗技术,通过慢化得到的超热中子可用于非浅表肿瘤BNCT治疗.本文以2.3 MeV、10 mA质子流强的7Li（p,n）7Be中子源为对象,建立了加速器BNCT束流装置模型,采用中子输运程序MCNP研究了慢化体材料对超热中子束流品质的影响.结果表明：采用重水作为慢化体材料可有效的提高束流出口处超热中子水平,对于2.3 MeV、10 mA质子流强的7Li（p,n）7Be中子源,超热中子束流水平为0.669×109n/（cm2.s）,超热中子与快中子产额比达62.3,基本达到临床治疗所需109n/（cm2.s）的超热中子水平.     

锂离子电池用高容量合金类硅基负极材料研究进展

锡、硅负极材料由于具有高的比容量等优点,成为提高锂离子电池能量密度的首选负极材料。首先介绍了目前产业界开发锡、硅负极材料的进展,并从商业化的角度比较了这两类材料在开发工艺及实际使用电性能方面的区别。进一步从基础研发角度重点阐述了不同结构的硅基材料(单质硅、硅氧化物、硅碳复合物及硅合金)的电性能改性研究进展,指出了具有工业化前景的工艺方法。     

纤维编织网增强混凝土耐久性机理和测试方法

随着结构过早失效现象的普遍发生,材料和结构的耐久性问题越来越引起人们的关注.分析了纤维编织网增强混凝土长期耐久性的破坏机理,研究了改进纤维编织网增强混凝土耐久性的方法,讨论了纤维编织网增强混凝土耐久性的试验方法.依据玻璃纤维混凝土的实际应用及前人对于玻璃纤维混凝土耐久性试验的统计结果,归纳出现有纤维混凝土耐久性试验方法的优点和不足,并且提出了应用新型材料TRC作为结构耐久性加固的设想.     

Synthesis and characterization of 3,4-dinitropyrazole

Nitro-heterocyclic compounds are good candidates for developing new insensitive high-energy explosives with low melting points.A new nitro-heterocyclic compound,3,4-dinitropyrazole (DNP),was synthesize...     

Optimization of axial symmetrical FGM under thetransient-state temperate field

A numerical procedure for analyzing the temperature distribution in a hollow axisymmetric cylinder,made of functionally gradient material (FGM),was investigated.Based on the thermal elasticity theory and the arbitrary difference precise integration (ADPI) method,temperature distribution through the FGM cylinder in the ring section under a transient-state temperature field was developed and presented.A genetic algorithm (GA) was applied to the thermal stress optimal design of an FGM hollow cylinder,and as a result,the minimum thermal stress distribution in the FGM cylinder was obtained.A corresponding numerical procedure regarding to a ceramic-metal FGM cylinder was performed,and the computational results were discussed.